Antiprotons or pseudoprotons?

Abstract

The author, an undergraduate physics student, reviews in this paper: 1) positive mass negative charge antiprotons according to 20th cen- tury particle physics; 2) positive mass negative charge pseudopro- tons according to hadronic mechanics; 3) the notion of antiprotons according to the isodual theory of antimatter; 4) a theorem recently proved by R. M. Santilli essentially implying that, under the spinorial Poincare ́ symmetry, the 20th century conjugation from particles to an- tiparticles prohibits partlcle-antiparticle annihilation into light; and 5) consequential doubts on the recent gravity test for the anti-hydrogen atom. Therefore, the author examines the possibility that antiparti- cles are actually gravitationally rejected by matter and 20th century antiprotons are in reality pseudoprotons with a consequential number of intriguing open problems in antimatter, like the astrophysical ori- gin of true antiprotons from cosmic rays, and others. We conclude by examining: the 1994 proposal for a resolutory test on the gravity of true antiparticles, such as the positrons; the possible existence of antimatter bodies in the universe which originate cosmic antiprotons; and related aspect