Predictions on the impact of the budget cap on Formula 1 teams’ performance

Vasileios Kallimogiannis, Christos Massouros

Abstract


This study aims at quantifying the impact of the budget on the performance of Formula 1 teams. Until recently, the budgets of Formula 1 teams varied, thus, a competitive advantage was provided to those that consistently had greater funds than others. Understanding how dominant the effect of the budget is in the performance of a team will provide significant findings since a cost cap that aims at balancing the financial field, has been recently introduced. Prediction models regarding the team that performed better on a relatively lower budget will provide insights regarding which of them may thrive in the future.


Full Text:

PDF

References


Autosport. Team budgets and employees in 2010. 2010. URL https://www.autosport.com/

BB. US media firm Liberty Media to buy Formula 1. 2016 URL https://www.bbc.com/news/business-37303230

Bell A., Smith J., Sabel C.E. and Jones K. Formula for success: Multilevel modelling of Formula One Driver and Constructor performance, 1950–2014., Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports, vol. 12, no. 2, 2016, pp. 99-112., 2016. https://doi.org/10.1515/jqas-2015-0050

Berenson M.L., Levine D.M., Szabat K.A. and Stephan, D. Basic Business Statistics: Concepts and Applications. 14th edition. Global Edition.ISBN-10:1-292-26503-5, 2020.

Boxall-Legge J. The last budget Formula 1 car. 2019. URL https://www.autosport.com/ general/news/the-last-budget-formula-1-car-5111750/5111750/

Business F1. Credit Suisse Formula 1 Office, March and April issues, 2003.

Collantine K. $4,378,133–the price of a point in 2008. 2008. URL https://www.racefans.net/ 2008/11/09/4378133-the-price-of-a-point-in-2008/

Duggal R.N. Impact of Budget, Drivers and Team Personnel on Team Performance: Evidence from Formula 1 Motorsport Industry. Bachelor Thesis (IBEB). University of Rotterdam. 2020.

F1 Racing. F1 Racing Magazine, March issue. 2003a

F1 Racing. F1 Racing Magazine, September issue. 2003b

F1 Racing. F1 Racing Magazine, April issue. 2004

F1 Racing. F1 Racing Magazine, February issue. 2005

F1 Racing. F1 Racing Magazine, September issue. 2006

F1skill. F1 skill rating, Rating Indices. 2022. URL https://f1skill.com/

Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile. 2021 Formula 1 Financial Regulations. 2021. URL https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/2021_formula_ 1_financial_regulations-52020-04-30.pdf

Forbes. Most Valuable Formula 1 Racing Teams. 2010. URL https://www.forbes.com/2010/06/24/formula-one-valuations-business-sportsmoney-formula-one_slide.html?sh=76e33a4f53b6

Forbes. Formula One's Most Valuable Teams. 2012. URL https://www.forbes.com/pictures/ emdm45kllj/formula-ones-most-valuable-teams/?sh=4291d6f12acc

Forbes. Formula One's Most Valuable Teams 2014. 2014. URL https://www.forbes.com/pictures/ emdm45ekedf/2-mclaren-3/?sh=46233aef638d

Forbes. Formula One's Most Valuable Teams 2015. 2015. URL https://www.forbes.com/pictures/ emdm45emfmk/9-sauber/?sh=5583707f74c7

Heathfield D.F. Production Functions. In: Heathfield, D.F. (eds) Topics in Applied Macroeconomics. Palgrave, London. 1976. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-86197-2_2

Henderson J.C., Foo K., Lim H., and Yip S. Sports events and tourism: The Singapore formula one grand prix. International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 1, 60–73. 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17852951011029306

Herbrich R., Minka T. and Graepel T. TrueSkill: A Bayesian Skill Rating System, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 19, MIT Press, pp. 569–576. 2007.

Judde C., Booth R. and Brooks R. Second Place Is First of the Losers: An Analysis of Competitive Balance in Formula One. Journal of Sports Economics, 14(4), 411–439. 2013 https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1527002513496009

Marquardt D.W. Generalized Inverses, Ridge Regression, Biased Linear Estimation, and Nonlinear Estimation. Technometrics, 12, 591–612. 1970.

Mitchell, S. Budget Differences between F1 teams down to 10-20M. 2022. URL https://the-race.com/formula-1/budget-differences-between-f1-teams-down-to-10-20m/

Mourão P. The economics of motorsports: the case of Formula One. ISBN: 978-1-137-60249-7. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-60249-7

Phillips A.J. Uncovering Formula One driver performances from 1950 to 2013 by adjusting for team and competition effects. Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports 10(2): 261-278. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1515/jqas-2013-0031

Rencken D. How much did Formula 1 teams spend in 2016? 2016. URL https://www.autosport.com/ f1/news/how-much-did-formula-1-teams-spend-in-2016 5109312/5109312/

Rencken D. Revealed: What F1 teams really spent in 2017. 2017. URL https://www.autosport.co m/f1/news/revealed-what-f1-teams-really-spent-in-2017 5110279/5110279/

Rencken D. The cost of F1 revealed: How much teams spent in 2018 – part one. 2018a. URL https://www.racefans.net/2018/12/19/how-much-f1-teams-spent-race-2018-part-one/

Rencken D. The cost of F1 revealed: How much teams spent in 2018 – part two. 2018b. URL https://www.racefans.net/2018/12/26/the-cost-of-f1-revealed-how-much-teams-spent-in-2018-part-two/

Rencken D. The cost of F1 2019: Team budgets analysed–part one. 2019. URL https://www.racefans.net/2019/12/27/the-cost-of-f1-2019-team-budgets-analysed-part-one/

Rencken D. The cost of F1 2019 part two: What the top teams spent. 2020. URL https://www.racefans.net/2020/01/02/the-cost-of-f1-2019-part-two-what-the-top-teams-spent/

Rottenberg S. The baseball players’ labor market. The Journal of Political Economy, 64, 242–258. 1956.

Straw E. F1 must act on existential threat of its first cost cap impasse. 2022. URL https://the-race.com/formula-1/f1-must-act-on-existential-threat-of-its-first-cost-cap-impasse/

Sylt C. Red Bull Reveals How Much It Really Costs To Run An F1 Team. 2020. URL https://www.forbes.com/sites/csylt/2020/01/14/red-bull-reveals-how-much-it-really-costs-to-run-an-f1-team/?sh=5023cf2477c1

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employment situation summary. 2022. URL https://www.bls.gov/cpi/tables/

Wood R. F1 Info Guide (Pt. 1): Money, Money, Money—The Fuel of Formula On. 2008. URL https://bleacherreport.com/articles/40593-f1-info-guide-pt-1-money-money-money-the-fuel-of-formula-one




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23755/rm.v47i0.1179

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2023 Vasileios Kallimogiannis, Christos Massouros

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Ratio Mathematica - Journal of Mathematics, Statistics, and Applications. ISSN 1592-7415; e-ISSN 2282-8214.